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Aromatherapy lessons by Obsidian:
Basic Principles of Aromatherapy | Synthetic oils vs Natural oils  | Aromatherapy vs "normal" medicine  | Aromatherapy explained
Methods for using the Essential oils |  Medical complaints and their oils

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BASIC PRINCIPALS OF AROMATHERAPY.     (By Obsidian posted over several weeks)

Essential oils are obtained by 2 main methods:

1). Expression (also called pressing) ie.  cold pressed lemon oil.
2). Distillation, either steam, water or dry.

For oils such as Camphor it is processed three times to produce the three types of oil.  The first produces Brown Camphor, the second Yellow Camphor and the third White Camphor.

The other methods for extraction are:

1). Solvent.  This produces a 'Concrete', a 'Resinoid' and an 'Absolute'.
2). Enfleurage or Pomade.  This method for producing Essential oils is not used much any more, as it is an expensive and time consuming process.

A Concrete is obtained through the use of a hydrocarbon solvent to extract the Essential oil from the plant matter.  This is used for the Essential oils such as Rose, Jasmine and Ylang Ylang.  The Ylang Ylang concrete is approx 80% Essential oil and 20% wax.  Jasmine is approx 50% Essential oil and 50% wax.  A second extraction may also be performed to the plant matter using alcohol which produces an Absolute such as Neroli.

A  Resinoid is obtained by the same method, but it is produced from resin based plants such as Amber and Frankincence.

A Pomade was obtained by the use of layers of fat onto which the petals of plants such as Tuberose and Jasmine were layed out and left to dry.  The fat collected the Essential oils which were later extracted.  This process has now been replaced by solvent extraction.

Essential oils are found in very small quantities in many plants. For example:     for every 100 kg of plant matter the following plants produce these amounts of oil:

Eucalyptus   -  3kg
Lavender      -   1.9kg
Ylang Ylang -  1.6-2kg
Juniper         -   1/2-1.2kg
Rose            -    0.05kg

As you can see it takes a lot of plants to make a small amount of Essential oil.

Plants from different areas/countries can be more expensive (lower % of oil per plant) or cheaper (higher % of oil per plant).
 

Essential oils are categorised by       a). Their plant type ie. Citrus
                                                                b).  By their Note. ie.  Base note

The plant types are:  Citrus, floral, herb, spice, wood and resin.  Although the oils can blend with any other oils, they blend better with oils of their own group, or with an oil of a similar group.  ie. Lemon ( citrus) & Lavender ( floral) and  Cedarwood ( wood) & Pachouli ( herb).

The note types are:   Top, Middle and Base.  Top note oils such as Neroli and Lemon evaporate and lose their aroma quickly when left open.  A top note oil will last approx 1 week if left opened.  A middle note oil such as Lavender and Geranium is slightly more stable and will evaporate and lose its aroma approx 2-3 weeks when left opened.  Base note oils are the heavy oils such as Sandalwood and Patchouli which will evaporate much more slowly, taking about a month.

When you smell a blended oil you can usually pick which oils are the top, middle and base oils as the first one you notice will be a top note.  The next scent you notice will be from the middle notes and the heavy, lingering scent will belong to the base note.  In this way you can tell which oil is which note.

A good blend will contain at least one of each note, to add a layered effect to the blend.

Most of you will have seen cheap bottles of 'fragrant' oils or bottles of  'blended Essential oils'  as well as bottles of 'Pure Essential oils'.  Each one has it's own uses.

FRAGRANT OILS:  These are the synthetic oils. 
Scientists have been able to reproduce about 90% of the natural occurring Essential oil.  This is what a fragrant oil is.  It is the remaining 10% of the natural Essential oil that
holds the therapeutic content of the oil, and that 10% is what distinguishes the two. 

Fragrant oils have NO therapeutic content, they smell nice (sometimes better than the Essential oils!) but that is all that they should be used for.  They work well in oil burners, in baths, in pot purri, as a perfume and various other uses, but will have no healing effect other than to smell nice.

BLENDED ESSENTIAL OILS:   These are made from Pure Essential oils, but have been diluted with a 'Carrier oil', usually Sweet Almond, jojoba, Safflower or Apricot Kernel.
These oils are blended because Essential oils are too strong to apply directly to the skin, they must be diluted first.  The Blended oil has been diluted so it is safe to apply directly onto the skin. These have therapeutic qualities, which are usually printed on the label.
They may also be blended to make them cheaper, such as Rose, Neroli, Jasmine, Chamomile and Ylang Ylang

PURE ESSENTIAL OILS:   These are the Essential oils in their 100% pure
state. 
These oils should NEVER be applied straight onto the skin, and many Essential oils will have safety data printed onto the label if they have any harmful effects. (there are a few exceptions to the "never put oils directly on the skin" rule... which I will go into later) When purchasing an Essential oil there are 4 ways to help tell if you are buying the pure oil:

1).  Look for the words "100%"  and "Pure Essential oil".  This is only a guide as many brands of fragrant oil have 100% pure written on them, and some brands of Essential oils ( such as the brand I use ) don't have 100% pure on the label.  There are also sneaky people who use the "100% Pure Essential Oil" as their brand name....( and if the word 'fragrant' appears anywhere, chances are it isn't an Essential oil.)

2).  Smell the oils, Pure Essential oils smell like the plant it comes from. If the scent is slightly fake, very sweet or in the case of Rose really strong, it is more likely to be a fragrant oil.

3).  Look at the price,  Pure Essential oils are expensive, due to the quantity of plants needed to produce the oil ( for eg. it takes approx 15 roses to make 1 drop of Rose oil.)  Each oil should have a different price, as some are cheaper to produce than others. As a general rule... if they are under $5 (Australian money... not sure of the prices in other countries) they are probably either blended or a fragrant oil.

4).  There are no Essential oils of Strawberry, Dewberry, Rainforest or Nanna's Garden.

This is a guide only... but it helps to work out which ones are "fake" and which ones are "real".  The store keeper may not know the difference, as they buy products from a distributor, and many haven't a clue what they are... they just know they sell well :)

Many people take Asprin for headaches although many tests have proven that  Asprin can cause stomach upsets, thin the blood, cause liver damage and contribute to anaemia. Yet people take many of these a day to relieve headaches, and think they are safe.

Antibiotics are used for infections because they kill bacteria.  However there are good bacteria living in our bodies, without which our bodies can not work efficiently.  Antibiotics kill off all bacteria, and many people suffer from thrush and other illnesses as a result.  The other concern with antibiotics is that each time they are used, the body builds up a resistance to them, much the same way our bodies build up a resistance to the Smallpox or Measles virus when we are vaccinated.  Stronger doses of antibiotics are
then needed to fight the infections, and the circle continues.

Aromatherapy works on the wholistic approach.  It treats the whole body at the one time.  Aromatherapy has no negative side effects when used properly, and is non- addictive.

People think of Aromatherapy as being smell therapy, but this isn't the case.  The essential oils can used in many different methods, I will be explaining those later... but the reason people think of them as being smell therapy, is that the blood vessels in your nose are very close the the surface of your skin....so the molecules of "healing goodness" can be absorbed into the body quickly (and they do smell nice...well....some of them!)

the healing effects can also pass through the skin anywhere on your body, and enter the blood stream, where they work on the troubled areas of the body.

Essential oils, unlike prescription drugs, work only on those areas that are "broken"  ie. they do not go into healthy tissues, and start working there... they travel around your body, and look for the illnesses, and target them, leaving the rest of your body alone.  It is because of this, that if you run lavender oil into your fingertip, it will help your infected
toe...even though the oil never touches the actual toe. (and your headache, and cut finger!!!)

INHALATION:

 1).  Straight from the bottle - Headache, memory booster, nausea etc.
 2). Oil burner - Kill airborne bacteria (prevents colds spreading to others),
      insomnia, stress etc.  Put 3-5 drops in a water filled well of the oil burner, and
      replace as needed.  NEVER burn Essential oils without water... it damages them
 3).  Drops on a tissue (carry with you or place under pillow etc.) - colds, coughs,
       migraine etc. 1-2 drops on a tissue will be ample
 4).  Drops in sink/bowl of hot water - colds, respiratory infection,catarrh (runny
       nose) etc. stick your head over the sink/bowl, with eyes closed and inhale the
       vapour.  No more than 5 drops to half a sinkfull of water (which is all you
       need)

BATH:

 1). Hot/warm bath - colds, muscle cramp, stiffness etc.  10 drops Maximum
 2). Cold bath - Fever.  10 drops Maximum
 3).  Foot bath - Athlete's foot, blisters, aching feet etc.  Use a bucket or bowl big
       enough to comfortably put your feet in. 5 drops Maximum
4). Shallow bath - Thrush, Piles etc.  a bath deep enough to cover the problem  area.  5 
     drops maximum

{If using peppermint oil, you may want to use only half the recommend drops.... as my Aromatherapy teacher said "It runs amok amongst your genitals"  it has a cooling effect that you may not wish to have touching sensitive areas!!!}

You will need to swish the water around.  There is a product called  Solubalizer that may be useful.  It makes the oil dissolve in water, although the same effect can be to mix the oil with isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) or vodka, which will make it water soluble.  5 drops to 1tsp alcohol.  {I have also heard that the same effect can be achieved with milk, but I am not sure...}
 

MASSAGE:

 1). Massage diluted oil onto effected area - varicose veins, strains, constipation
      Muscle aches etc.
 2). Massage diluted oil all over body - Stress, insomnia, anxiety etc.

Both, use a 3% dilution for normal skin, 1% for face or sensitive skin (explained further below)

INTERNALLY:
Most Essential oils are toxic and should NEVER be taken internally.  It is safest to assume that ALL Essential oils are toxic and therefore none should be taken internally. 

Many Aromatherapy books suggest  a mouth wash or a gargle for gum problems or throat infections, however it is dangerous and other methods work just as well.  There are many different species of the same oil, for example Birch  has 2 varieties, white and sweet.  White birch is non-toxic, but sweet birch is fatally toxic.  I would not use ANY
Essential oils internally, especially in their pure state,  as there are many other methods of application which are much safer.

{as I was saying in a previous post, even rubbing an oil on your toe will help a sore throat, so it isn't worth ingesting something that is potentially harmful, although I have gargled with 2 drops Bergamot oil mixed with a cup of warm water}

DIRECTLY TO THE SKIN:

There are only four Essential oils which may safely be applied directly onto the skin an all should have a patch test done first.  All essential oils are acidic, have you ever seen what they do to plastic?

Place a drop of the oil onto the back of your wrist, cover with a band-aid and leave for 1 hour.  If no irritation has occurred you may use it.  If irritation does occur, bathe the area in cool water and dilute the oil with a carrier oil.  Only the four Essential oils listed below may be applied to skin directly, and only onto an effected area  ie. a cut or burn.  DO NOT use as a massage oil, or slather it all over your skin:
Lavender,  Sandalwood,  Tea tree  and some say Lemon, ylang ylang or  Chamomile.

There is no need to apply any essential oil directly onto the skin, an essential oil blended 3% into a carrier oil will have exactly the same healing properties as a full strength oil... so not only do you run the risk of burning the skin by applying them neat, you are also wasting oil :)  -- Scrooge McObsidian here :)

COMPRESS:

 1). Drops of oil in cold water for cold compress - fever, swelling etc.
 2). Drops of oil in hot water for hot compress - Headache,  period pain etc.

To make a compress, half fill a bowl or sink of either hot or cold water, and add 3-5 drops of essential oil.... soak the cloth in this water for a few moments, wring out, and apply to the effected area.

PERFUME:

 1).  Use same dilution as massage oil, use a carrier oil of Apricot kernel or other
       light oil.  Dab behind ears, wrists etc.

SKIN / HAIR TONIC:

 1).  Use this when an oil is not suitable, for example on an oily scalp, or to dry out
       a cut.  use 5 drops essential oil into a teaspoon of Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing
       alcohol) or vodka

Dilutions:

Babies  0-12 months   - 1 drop of Rose or Lavender or chamomile in 1 teaspoon
                                         of carrier oil, or in a bath.
Infants   1-5 years           2-3 drops of Rose, Lavender, Chamomile, Sandalwood,
                                          Tangerine, Ylang Ylang or Neroli in 1teaspoon of carrier
                                          oil or in a bath.
Children 6-12 years       Use as for adults, but half the concentration.
 

3% dilution
For 100 mls of carrier oil use 60  drops of Essential oil.
For 25 mls of carrier oil use 15 drops of Essential oil.
For 5 mls of carrier oil ( 1 teaspoon) use 3 drops of Essential oil.

1% dilution
For 100 mls of carrier oil use 20 drops of Essential oil.
For 25 mls of carrier oil use 5 drops of Essential oil.
For 5 mls of carrier oil(1 tsp) use 1 drop of Essential oil.

For normal use do not exceed 3% Essential oil dilution.
For use on face or other sensitive skin use a 1% Essential oil dilution.

Pregnancy - use half the dilution and none of the contraindicated oils.

Aromatherapy oils are concentrated and should not be applied to the skin or taken internally.  There are also other times when Essential oils should be treated with caution or not be used at all, these are called Contraindications.  The following is a list of the contraindications for the various Essential oils.

OILS NOT TO BE USED AT ALL!  These oils are dangerous for anyone except a qualified Aromatherapist to use. They are either extremely toxic or cause severe skin irritation even in a diluted state. These oils are:
Bitter Almond, Arnica, Boldo, Broom, Buchu, Calamus,Camphor(brown & Yellow), Cassia, Chervil,  Cinnamon(bark), Costus, Deertongue, Elecampane, Fennel(bitter), Horseradish, Jaborandi,  Melilotus, Mugwort, Mustard, Oregano, Pennyroyal, Pine(dwarf), Rue, Sage(common), Santolina,  Sassafras, Savine, Savory, Tansy, Thuja, Thyme(red), Tonka, Wintergreen, Wormseed and Wormwood.

OILS THAT  SHOULD BE USED IN SMALL DOSES FOR NO LONGER THAN 2  WEEKS. These oils are fairly toxic or may have side effects such as nausea, vomiting and headaches and should be used with extreme caution:
Ajowan, Anise star, Aniseed, Basil(exotic), Bay laurel, Bay(west indian) Calamintha, Camphor(white), Cascarrilla bark, Cassie, Cedarwood(virginian), Cinnamon(leaf & bark), Clove(bud),  Coriander, Eucalyptus, Fennel(sweet), Hops, Hyssop, Juniper, Nutmeg, Parsley, Pepper(black),  Pine, Sage(spanish), Tagetes, Tarragon, Thyme(white), Tuberose, Tumeric, Turpentine and Valerian.

OILS THAT IRRITATE THE SKIN IF USED IN HIGH CONCENTRATION.  These oils
should be used in half the reccomended dilution, and no more than 3 drops in
a bath. These oils are: 
Ajowan, Allspice, Aniseed, Basil(sweet)  Black pepper, Borneol, Cajeput, Caraway, Cedarwood(Virginian),  Cinnamon(leaf), Clove(bud),  Cornmint, Eucalyptus,  Garlic,  Ginger,  Lemon,  Parsley, peppermint, Pine(needle, Scotch & Longleaf), Thyme(white) and Tumeric.

OILS THAT CAUSE IRRITATION ON SENSITIVE SKIN. These oils may cause eczema or
dermatitis with people who have very sensitive skin. ( For people with senstive skin always test the oil on the back of your wrist, and leave for an hour. If irritation occurs bathe area with cold water and try a weaker concentration.) These oils are:
Aniseed, Basil(french), Bay laurel, Benzoin, Bergamot, Cade, Cajeput, Cananga, cedarwood (virginian), Chamomile(Roman and German), Citronella, Garlic, Geranium, Ginger, Hops,  Jasmine,  Lemon, Lemongrass, Lemon balm(Melissa), Litsea cubeba, Loveage, Mastic, Mint(pepper & spear), Orange, Peru balsam, Pine(scotch & longleaf), Styrax, Tea tree, Thyme(white), Tolu balsam,  Tumeric, Turpentine, Valerian, Vanilla, Verbena, Violet, Yarrow and Ylang Ylang.

OILS THAT ARE PHOTOTOXIC. These are oils which can cause the skin to darken
if exposed to direct sunlight.  Do not use these oils at all if the area
will be exposed to sunlight.  These oils are:
Angelica root, Bergamot, Cumin, Ginger, Lemon, Lime, Loveage, Mandarin, Orange and Verbena.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED DURING PREGNANCY. Due to the effects of these
oils on the reproductive organs, and the sensitivity of the foetus, certain oils should not be used at all during pregnancy. These oils are:
Ajowan,Anjelica, Anise star, Aniseed, Basil, Bay laurel, Calamintha, Cedarwood(all
types),  Celery seed, Cinnamon(leaf), Citronella, Clary sage, Clove, Cumin, Cypress, Fennel(sweet), Hyssop,  Jasmine, Juniper, Labdanum, lovage, Marjoram, Myrrh, Nutmeg, Parsley, Penyroyal, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Snakeroot, sage, Tarragon and Thyme(white)

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. These oils should not be used:
Black pepper, Hyssop, Lemon, Lemongrass, Nutmeg, Rosemary, Sage(spanish &
Common) and Thyme.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH LOW BLOOD PRESSURE. These oils should not be used:
Chamomile(Roman & German), Lemon balm, Lavender(true), Marjoram(sweet) and
Ylang ylang.

THE OIL THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED FOR DIABETES. Anjelica.

THE OIL THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED FOR KIDNEY PROBLEMS. Junpier.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE NOT BE USED WITH HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENTS. These oils are not to be used by anyone recieving homeopathic treatment:
Black pepper, Camphor, Eucalyptus and Peppermint.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. These oils will
increase the effects of alcohol:
Aniseed, Clary sage and Fennel.

THE OIL THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH  DEPRESSION. Basil.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH EPILEPSY. These oils should not be used:
Fennel, Hyssop, Sage and Rosemary.

As with anything, you should see a doctor fist, to make sure there isn't an underlying problem that you don't know about.  In most cases Natural therapies should be used as a sideline to "normal" medicine, not instead of them.

Please refer to the "contraindications" before using any of these oils, and remember not to use them directly on the skin, always a 3% dilution, unless it is for children, pregnant women or people with sensitive skin.

NERVOUS TENSION:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cedarwood,  Chamomile,  Cinnamon,  Clary sage, Frankincense,  Geranium,  Jasmine,   Juniper,  Lavender,  Lemongrass, Melissa,  Mandarin,  Marjoram,  Mint ( Peppermint & Spearmint),  Orange, Neroli,  Patchouli,  Pine,  Rose,  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sandalwood, Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use as a massage oil.
2).   Use in an oil burner.
3).   Use in a warm bath.
4).   Use as a warm compress, place on forehead or back of neck.
 

STRESS:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cedarwood,  Chamomile,  Cinnamon,  Clary sage, Frankincense,  Geranium,  Jasmine, Juniper,  Lavender,  Lemon,  Lemongrass, Melissa,  Mandarin,  Marjoram,  Mint ( Peppermint & Spearmint),  Orange, Neroli,  Patchouli,  Pine,  Rose,  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sandalwood, Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use as a massage oil.
2).   Use in an oil burner.
3).   Use in a warm bath.
4).   Use as a warm compress, place on forehead or on back of neck.
 

FATIGUE:
Basil,  Cinnamon,  Citronella,  Clary sage,  Eucalyptus,  Grapefruit, Jasmine,   Lavender,  Lemongrass,  Mint( peppermint & spearmint), Patchouli,  Pine,  Rosemary,  Sage,  Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use as a massage oil.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use in an oil burner.
 

INSOMNIA:
Basil,  Chamomile,  Lavender,  Mandarin,  Marjoram,  Neroli,  Rose, Sandalwood,  Valerian,  Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.

ANXIETY:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cedarwood,  Frankincense,  Geranium,  Jasmine,  Juniper, Lavender,  Neroli,  Rose, Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
4).   Inhalation directly from the bottle.
5).  If suffer from anxiety attacks, carry tissue with drops of oil,  inhale as required.
 

DEPRESSION:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Clary sage,  Grapefruit,  Jasmine,  Lavender,  Neroli, Rose,  Sandalwood,  Vetiver, Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
4).   Inhalation directly from the bottle.

NERVOUS EXHAUSTION:
Basil,  Cassie,  Cinnamon,  Citronella,  Clary sage,  Eucalyptus, Grapefruit,  Jasmine,  Lavender, Lemongrass,  Mint (peppermint & spearmint),  Patchouli,  Petitgrain,  Pine,
Rosemary,  Sage,  Vetiver, Ylang ylang.

sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
4).   Use as a foot bath.

(Remember that Children need a weaker dilution of essential oil to carrier oil, and if they are under 2 years old, then most of these oils will not be suitable.)

INSECT BITES:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cajeput,  Chamomile,  Cinnamon,  Eucalyptus,  Lavender,
Lemon,  Tea tree, Ylang ylang.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cold compress on effected area.
2).   Use in a cool bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil, rub into the bite as required.
4).   Use directly from the bottle ( Lavender,  Tea tree  and  Ylang ylang only.)
5).   Use as a skin tonic, apply to bite as required.

LICE:
Cinnamon,  Eucalyptus,  Geranium,  Lavender,  Pine,  Rosemary.

Sample methods for use:
1).  Use as a hair tonic, wash hair then use this after the final rinse.
2).  Use as a massage oil,  rub into scalp, leave for an hour then wash off.
3).   Put a few drops into a bottle of shampoo and wash hair as normal.
 

RINGWORM:
Geranium,  Lavender,  Mint ( peppermint & spearmint ),  Myrrh,  Tea tree.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use directly on the effected skin,  pour a drop onto a cotton bud or ball and apply to 
       effected area. ( Lavender and Tea tree.)
2).   Use as a massage oil, Apply to effected area with a cotton bud or ball.
3).   Use as a skin tonic, apply to effected area with a cotton bud.

( With all the methods listed above, ensure you don't spread the infection to the bottle of oil you are using.  To prevent this from occuring either pour oil onto cotton ball or bud then apply to skin,  pour oil onto skin directly then mop up excess or if you must dip the cotton bud into the oil, use a new cotton bud each time.)
 

ASTHMA:
Cajeput,  Clary sage,  Clove,  Eucalyptus,  Frankincense,  Lavender,  Lemon,
Lime,  Marjoram,  Mint (peppermint & spearmint),  Myrrh, Pine,  Rose,
Rosemary,  Sage,  Tea tree.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.
2).   Inhale from a tissue as required.
3).   Use in an oil burner.
4).   Use as a warm compress, place on the chest.
5).   Use as a massage oil, rub into chest and back.
 

EARACHE:
Basil,  Chamomile,  Lavender.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a massage oil, rub onto cheek near ear.
2).   Use as a hot compress, place over ear.

CHICKENPOX:
Bergamot,  Chamomile,  Eucalyptus,  Lavender,  Tea tree.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cold compress.
2).   Use as a skin tonic, apply to spots.
3).   Use in a cool bath.
4).   Apply directly to spots ( Lavender and Tea tree only,)  Being careful not to spread infection to oil bottle.

CUTS / SORES:
Chamomile,  Clove,  Eucalyptus,  Geranium,  Lavender,  Lemon,  Lime,  Myrrh,
Pine,  Sage,  Tea tree,  Vetiver.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a skin tonic, apply to effected area.
2).   Use as a cold compress.
3).   Apply directly onto the skin ( Lavender and Tea tree only.)
4).   Use in a cool bath.

BRUISES:
Arnica,  Clove,  Fennel,  Geranium,  Marjoram,  Lavender,  Rosemary.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Apply directly to the skin ( Lavender only).
2).   Use as a massage oil, rub onto effected area.
3).   Use as a cold compress.
4).   Use in a cool bath.

TEETHING:
Chamomile,  Clove,  Mint (peppermint & spearmint),  Myrrh.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a massage oil, rub into cheek where tooth is comming through.
2).   Use as a warm compress, place on cheek above  tooth.
 

SCABIES:
Cinnamon,  Lavender,  Lemmongrass,  Mint (peppermint & spearmint),  Pine,
Rosemary.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cool compress. place on effected area.
2).   Apply directly to the skin ( Lavender only).
3).   Use as a skin tonic. apply to effected area or bathe area.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.
2).   Inhale from a tissue as required.
3).   Use in an oil burner.
4).   Use as a warm compress, place on the chest.
5).   Use as a massage oil, rub into chest and back.
6).   Use in a warm bath.

Burns:
Chamomile,  Clove bud,  Eucalyptus,  Geranium,  Lavender,  Tea tree.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cool compress, place over the area (not if  the skin is broken).
2).   Dilute 3% in a carrier oil, and apply to the area.
3).   Use in a cool bath.
4).   Apply directly to the skin (Lavender, Teatree and Chamomile only)

Headache:
Chamomile,  Citronella,  Eucalyptus,  Grapefruit,  Lavender,  Lemmongrass, marjoram (sweet),  Mint (peppermint and spearmint), Rose,  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sage(clary & spanish).

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cold compress on forehead and back of the neck.
2).   Use in a cool bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil, rub into the forehead and neck.
4).   Use in an oil burner.
5).   Use as a warm compress on forehead and back of the neck.
6).   Use in a warm bath.
7).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.

(Sometimes you get relief from headaches by either cooling, or heating the effected area.)

Fever:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Eucalyptus,  Juniper,  Lemon,  Lemongrass,  Lime,  Mint ( peppermint & spearmint),  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sage,  Tea tree.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cold compress on forehead and back of the neck.
2).   Use in a cool bath.

Colds / flu:
Aniseed,  Basil ( french),  Bergamot,  Cajeput,  Cedarwood,  Cinnamon leaf, Citronella,  Clove bud,  Eucalyptus,  Frankincense,  Grapefruit,  Juniper, Lemon,  Lime,  Marjoram ( sweet),  Mint ( peppermint & spearmint),  Orange, Pine,  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sage,  Sandalwood,  Tea tree.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a warm compress on forehead, chest and back of the neck.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil, rub into the chest and back.
4).   Use in an oil burner.
5).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.

Vomiting:
Basil,  Chamomile,  Clove bud,  Fennel,  Lavender,  Lemon,  Mint (peppermint
& spearmint),  Rose,  Rosewood,  Sandalwood.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a cold compress on stomach.
2).   Use in a cool bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil, rub gently into the stomach.
4).   Use in an oil burner.
5).   Use as a warm compress on stomach.
6).   Use in a warm bath.
7).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.

(Sometimes you need to get cooler  or warmer depending on the cause of your nausea/vomiting )

Indigestion:
Aniseed,  Basil ( french).

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a warm compress on stomach/chest.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil, rub gently into the stomach and chest.
4).   Use in an oil burner.
5).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.

Sinusitis:
Basil ( french),  Cajeput,  Eucalyptus,  Peppermint,  Pine,  Tea tree,Sweet Marjoram.

Sample methods for use:
1).   Use as a warm compress over nasal area.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil, rub into the nose/cheek area.
4).   Use in an oil burner.
5).   Inhale directly from the bottle as required.